What to Expect From a Chinese Fortune Teller

Having one’s fortune told through Chinese fortune telling (ç ®â€"å‘ ½, suan ming) is a routine practice in Chinese culture. Consulting a fortune teller is nearly compulsory before major events, like Chinese New Year, wedding engagements, and the birth of children. Whether for entertainment or out of a strong belief in superstition, getting your fortune told by a Chinese fortune teller can be a memorable experience. Here is what to expect when it comes to prices, methods, and more. Cost The cost of a fortune telling session varies based on the city, fortune telling method, and what specifically the recipient wants to know. Getting an answer to one question, like finding a lover or a job, costs less than getting an overall fortune for the coming year, decade, or life. Basic fortune telling in Taipei starts at $15. Where to Find a Chinese Fortune Teller Fortune tellers can often be found in or near Buddhist and Taoist temples in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Outside of China and Taiwan, fortune tellers can also be found in Chinatowns around the world. What to Expect The fortune telling session takes place at a table or desk with the fortune teller and customer sitting across from or next to each other. In many instances, there is little privacy as fortune telling tables or booths are located next to each other with just a flimsy wall to partition them. In many large cities like Beijing, Hong Kong, and Taipei, it is possible to have your fortune told in English. Methods There are over a dozen types of Chinese fortune telling methods, but nearly all are based on the Chinese Almanac. The most basic method of Chinese fortune telling in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and other countries like the U.S. remains virtually the same regardless of location. All a person needs to have his or her fortune told, or that of a friend of family member, is the  first and last name, birth date, and age. For Westerners, be sure to add one year to your current age because the first year of life in Chinese culture is counted at birth whereas babies in the West do not turn one until a year after their birth. Additional information like time of birth and a person’s address is sometimes required for certain fortune telling methods. Oftentimes, fortune tellers use one or more methods to reveal your fortune. For example, palm and face readings or ‘bean’ fortune telling may be combined with  basic fortune telling  to generate a more accurate reading. Other methods that a fortune teller might use include coin divination,  Chien Tung or Chinese fortune sticks,  bird fortune telling, or using  red divination blocks to tell your fortune.

Data Storage Model Nosql Databases Essay - 1112 Words

Data Storage Model NoSQL Databases Document Databases MongoDB, IBM Cloudant, RethinkDB, Elasticsearch , CouchDB, ArangoDB, OrientDB, Couchbase Server, SequoiaDB, Clusterpoint Server, JSON ODM, NeDB, Terrastore, RavenDB, AmisaDB, JasDB, RaptorDB, Djondb, densodb, SisoDB, SDB, NoSQL embedded db, ThruDB, iBoxDB, BergDB, MarkLogic Server, EJDB (Mohamed et al., 2014; Okman et al., 2011). Figure 3. Document Store Type (Saladage, 2014). 3.4 Graph Databases – There are few NoSQL Databases store information in a graphical model which scales athwart numerous machines. This model is appropriate for data relationships which are preeminent portrayed as a graph, for example, public transport links, social relations, network topologies or road maps. (Zaki, 2014). Table 4. Graphics Store Type Database Data Storage Model NoSQL Databases Graph Databases ArangoDB, Neo4J, OrientDB, Infinite Graph, Sparksee, TITAN, HyperGraphDB, GraphBase, Trinity, BrightstarDB, Meronymy, WhiteDB, OpenLink Virtuoso, AllegroGraph, VertexDB, FlockDB, weaver, BrightstarDB, Bigdata, Execom IOG, Fallen 8, InfoGrid. (Mohamed et al., 2014) Figure 4. Graphics Store Type (Saladage, 2014). Table 5. Foremost Companies’ NoSQL Databases (Fidelis Cybersecurity, 2014). 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Does Mulan Overthrow Oppressive Gender Norms free essay sample

During this story, the main character, a girl, joins the Chinese army to fight because she doesnt want her dad to get hurt. Girls were not allowed in the Chinese army so Mulan had to hide her identity doing a variety of different things. Many people speculate that Gender Trouble played a role in the creation of Mulan. Judith Butler believes that gender parody and bodily performance of possible alternatives to established gender norms are means for overthrowing these oppressive gender norms. I believe that Mulan uses Butler’s theory to overthrow oppressive gender norms during three specific parts of the movie. The first part in which this occurs is in the beginning when Mulan attempts to impress the women and become an honorable lady. The second part is when Mulan decides to enter the army, and the third part is when she is at the army base and is part of the army. There are numerous examples throughout Mulan that have to do with feminist issues. During the beginning of Mulan, Mulan has to dress up and be ready to visit the matchmaker. The matchmaker grants all Chinese girls honor by leading them to their future husbands. There are plenty of examples of both gender parody and bodily performance in this scene. As Mulan enters to town, she is instantly cleaned up and made ready for the important meeting with the matchmaker. In this scene Mulans mother and another women are helping her get ready while they sing a song. A few of the lyrics in this scene are very peculiar. They almost are exaggerating sexism and the role that women play in society. This is the first example of gender parody in this movie. Wait and see, when were through, boys will gladly go to war for you. A girl can bring her family great honor in one way. By striking a good match, this could be the day. Men want girls with good taste. Calm, obedient, who work fast pace. With good breeding and a tiny waist. We all must serve our Emperor who guards us from the Huns. A man by bearing arms, A girl by bearing sons. (Bancroft 1998). Above are four quotes taken from the song sung during this scene. Gender parody is seen here by these lyrics. These lyrics seem very satirical. They make it seem as if the only possible way for a girl to be successful is to be pretty, get married, and have children. Also, bodily performance is seen in this part. When Mulan first goes to the town, she isnt very clean and has to be washed and dressed. The women have to turn Mulan into a lady to be able to meet the matchmaker. Also, all the girls that are walking to the matchmaker have very strait posture and are walking in unison while Mulan walks normal which to some people would show she isnt ladylike. When Mulans father is chosen to join the army and fight she becomes extremely upset. Women were forbidden to fight in wars so her father was chosen to go to the war. Mulan risks everything by taking her father’s gear, dressing as a man, and going to the army. The bodily performance of possible alternatives to established gender norms are very obvious in this scene. Everything that Mulan does in this scene is against the gender norms. First, she cuts off her hair. Men having short hair while women having long hair are age-old gender norms. By cutting off her hair, she is attempting to be a man. Also, Mulan wears all of the gear. The gear and sword are symbols of masculinity and war. The law at this time was that women cant fight in wars and if so they would be executed. Mother: You must go after her, she could be killed. Father: If I reveal her, she will be. (Bancroft 1998). Mulan made a very brave decision to join the army and much of what she later has to do is completely opposite of gender norms. The most prominent example seen throughout Mulan that relates to Butlers theory for overthrowing oppressive gender norms is the time Mulan spends in the army. There are numerous examples of both gender parody and bodily performance of possible alternatives to established gender norms. When Mulan enters the army on the irst day you can see her trying to act like a man in front of everybody else. When she is talking to the captain of the army, in a manly voice, she says You know how it is when you get those manly urges. You just gotta kill something, fix things, cook outdoors. (Bancroft 1998). While she is telling that to the captain, she has a very manly posture. She hits her chest and her open palm as she is talking to try to seem more masculine. This wh ole scene has gender parody. Throughout this scene, Mulan pretends to be a man by spitting and fighting as well. The lyrics to the song during this scene while they are training for battle are also signs of gender parody. The song repeats with the line Ill make a man out of you. (Bancroft 1998). Another form of gender parody seen throughout this scene is the fact that Mulan is constantly struggling to keep up with the rest of the men, suggesting she is the weakest out of all. Mulan then trains extra hard and eventually is able to keep up with the rest of the men. For many reasons, this portion of the movie display gender parody and bodily performance of possible alternatives to established gender norms. Throughout Mulan, examples of gender parody and bodily performance of possible alternatives to established gender norms are evident. These ideas originate in Gender Trouble. Butler believes that gender parody and the bodily performance of possible alternatives to established gender norms are ways to break gender norms. What performance where will invert the inner/outer distinction and compel a radical rethinking of the psychological presuppositions or gender identity and sexuality? (Butler 189) Butler means in that quote what will change the paradigms of what is manly and what is womanly behavior? It’s hard to know whether or not these ideas will ever be changed or rethought, but the insight Butler has about these topics is provocative. The relationship between Mulan and Gender Trouble is clearly seen when watching and reading each of the two. Both are very feminist and against the gender norms. Judith Butler believes that gender parody and bodily performance of possible alternatives to established gender norms can break age old gender norms. Throughout Mulan, there are many examples of both of these topics. I believe that Mulan uses Butler’s theory to overthrow oppressive gender norms during three specific parts of the movie. The first part in which this occurs is in the beginning when Mulan attempts to impress the women and become an honorable lady. The second part is when Mulan decides to enter the army, and the third part is when she is at the army base and is part of the army. Bibliography Bancroft, Tony. Mulan. Recorded 1998. Disney. DVD Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge, 2008. Print.

Socio Cultural Environment of Saudi Arabia

Population According to the April 2010 Census, Saudi Arabia’s population was 27,136,977 as at that year. It is now estimated that the population could be close to 27,500,000 at present. This population comprises of about 18,707,576 Saudi nationals; those who are not citizens of the country are about 8,429,401. The population has a rapid growth with youths accounting for the majority of the population (Lippman 6).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Socio Cultural Environment of Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Education The education system in Saudi Arabia is exclusively managed by the Ministry of Education assisted by the Ministry of Higher Education. The system comprises about 25,000 schools, 24 public universities and about 8 private ones. Every Saudi citizen is entitled to free education and other educational amenities (Lippman 126). Language In Saudi Arabia, Arabic is considered the official language and is used in most of the places including schools and other social places. English is taken as a compulsory second language in schools and it is used mostly in companies, hotels and in schools where it is taught (Zuhur 246). Aesthetics Most of the Saudis dress in a traditional fashion to preserve their customary values. Some things such as alcoholic drinks are prohibited as they go against the religious teachings. Public exhibitions are considered unacceptable as far as domestic matters are concerned (Zirinski 129). Religion Saudi Arabia is regarded as an Islamic theocratic dominion in which Islam is the only official religion. Almost all Saudi citizens are Muslims and the only exceptions are passport holders. The other major religions in the country include Christianity and Hinduism, which are mainly practiced by non-Saudi citizens (Zuhur 18). Technology Technology in Saudi Arabia is managed by Communications and Information Technology Commission. It regulates and hosts a firewall, which determines what is contained on the websites that are accessible in the country. Currently, Saudi Arabia is one of the Asian countries that have recorded significant developments in technology (Zirinski 131). Political Discourse Political discourse in Saudi Arabia manipulates devout Muslims to comply with the authorities by showing absolute obedience to their rulers. Saudi Arabia’s political discourse prohibits citizens from criticizing their leaders in public. It is a criminal offence to be found making public criticisms about a ruler (Kamrava 341).Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Social Organizations Saudi’s population has always consisted of nomads, villagers and a small number of townspeople. Kinship model is considered pervasive in the country with a lot importance given to the extended family as a unit of social organization (Kamrava 342). Values and Attitudes Arabs in Saudi Arabia believe that their dignity and honour are everything and should be well preserved. They also believe that people should be loyal to their families and that someone’s social class and family background determine their positions in the society. Their leading attitude is that everyone should believe in God to have a religious attachment (Zuhur 200). Comparing Hofstede’s Dimensions of Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates Hofstede’s dimensions measure how low class individuals in organizations, institutions, and society at large accept and expect resources to be distributed equally to every member of the society. The dimensions assert that the level of equality in a society is mainly determined by the common citizens rather than the leaders. Saudi Arabia has a higher score of the Hofstede’s dimensions as compared to the United Arab Emirates. The high scores of Saudi Arabia indicate that the there is a large gap betw een the rich people and the poor ones. The low scores of United Emirates show that the region has as many wealthy people as the poor ones (Barnes 320). Works Cited Barnes, David. Operations Management: An International Perspective. London: Thomson Learning, 2008. Print. Kamrava, Mehran. The Nodern Middle East: A political History Since the First World War. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010. Print. Lippman, Thomas. Saudi Arabia on the Edge: The Uncertain Future of an American Ally. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2012. Print.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Socio Cultural Environment of Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Zirinski, Roni. Ad Hoc Arabism: Advertising, Culture, and Technology in Saudi Arabia. New York, NY: Lang, 2005. Print. Zuhur, Sherifa. Saudi Arabia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011. Print. This report on Socio Cultural Environment of Saudi Arabia was written and submitted by user Megan Walter to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Winter Storm essays

Winter Storm essays The white storm that I was caught in happened twenty-seven years ago. The natural disaster I refer to struck on Friday, January 28, 1977, The Blizzard of 77", or as author Erno Rossi, M.A. termed it White Death. What happened on that Friday so long ago was actually a winter hurricane. It had been such a cold, brutal winter. Lake Erie had been frozen solid by Christmas. With extreme temperature and record snowfall, the snow had piled up on top of the ice. So as the 50 mile an hour wind swept across Lake Erie, it blew the powdery snow off the lake, and into Buffalo and the surrounding counties. Into my county it came with a vengeance. I was working as an office clerk at a local linen factory. At that time I did not have my license to drive, so I had to depend on others for my transportation. On this particular day it was my Dad who drove me to work, and who would also drive me home. As we went to work that day it had been snowing heavily. Note enough for us hearty Upstate New Yorkers to stay home though. As the morning had progressed, so had the snow and the wind. My Dad had called me to let me know that he was leaving work early, everyone was being sent home. My Dad came and picked me up at about 12:00 noon. At which point the winds were even stronger and visibility was zero. There we were my Dad and I leaving the city of Batavia to make our six mile trek home in the storm. As we inched our way out of the city we were headed north to our home in Oakfield New York. When I say inched I mean it literally. The windshield wipers couldnt work fast enough to keep the snow off the windshield, the wind was howling around us. We couldnt see. I would roll my window down and pop my head out to see if we were still on the road, but that did little good. So we crept on. It seemed we were alone in this white vacuum. ...

Childrens Health - Smart Custom Writing Samples

Childrens Health - Smart Custom Writing Italian Renaissance Art Humor and SatireIn History of art, Italian Renaissance period is consider as one of the most productive period. It was the period where large number of   most outstanding masterpiece were found in all the major fields like painting, sculpture and architecture. During this period great artist   like Masaccio in painting, Brunelleschi in Architecture and Donatello in sculpture, their work of master piece marked the beginning of a new era in art history. It is also in this period that the artist were not just considered to be craft people, their social status change, and were recognized as individual with a unique and awesome talents. Art and Science were closely connected in Renaissance period because both the artist and the scientist strove for the mastery of the physical world. These artists bring–out   new concept and methods in the world of artistry. The art painting is profited by the two field of scientific study: the anatomy perspective this provides an accurate representation of the human body and the mathematical perspective. The effect of the perspective in painting to create a illusion of a three-dimension from the two-dimensional surface. Empirical means, make it possible for the   previous painters to achieved this effect, in 1420 Brunelleschi discovered the method of attaining three-dimensional impression by using the mathematical method. Artist used this method as chief instrument to pursuit reality since it could be systematically studied and explained. Some of this talented men were both Scientist and Artist, two of this were Leonardo da Vinci and Piero della Francesca. Along with the spread of the Renaissance, the Europeans a completely new world and culture were conceived. From the Renaissance concept, that humankind in control of   nature, this gave birth to modern science. The humanistic and scholastic thinking of human led to advancement and many great scientists and thinkers existed seventeenth century. The English constitution theory, as we have known today, is the result of the concepts of human freedom and republicanism that were adopted during the period of Renaissance. Perhaps one of the most significant thing that the Renaissance brought to the society aside from the breath taking work of art, was the ideology of individualism. Uniqueness in style and knowledge of each artist became the sign of nobility. During the Renaissance period, portraits of women were made without eye contact because of reasons that â€Å"exchange of glances† is already a form of communication during the fifteenth century. In the culture of Italy on Renaissance, portrait signifies and importance of lineage. A portrait of man is a visual parallel to the ideals of political system, to the nobility of birth to the member of aristocratic dynasties. In northern Italian court portraits celebrate women because of their exceptional aristocratic birth, but contribution to the society was seen principally in forging a family connection through marriage and in preservation of family through the birth of a male heir. Many of the greatest work of the renaissance period was devoted to Christianity, one of this is the painting of Michelangelo Buonarroti’s â€Å"The creation of Adam†. However, intellectual approach to religion has begun to change that affects the cultural life of the society, the changes had influenced the artists of that period which are reflected in their art. The beginning of the Italian Tragedy all goes back to Aristotle. His dramatic precept  Ã‚   became the basis of the all theatre scholarships. Debates regarding the aesthetic and technical aspect of the tragedy such as it concept and function comes from the poetics. The truth is, because of Italian Renaissance the treatise were able to reach the Western Culture. Due to some incidental comment of Aristotle regarding the time span of the dramatic action an Arestotelian Unities was developed by the Renaissance critics. Their interest for the treatise is not for the reason of academic but more especially for practicality since a help for the cinquecento playwright is needed in reviving the just discovered tragedy. Unsure of the real idea of a tragedy a thorough discussion happen in the Middle Ages. Because only few of the ancient text were known and mainly in anecdote or quote, scholars thought that tragedy is about a ghastly crimes that often times participated by women. But on the other hand Donatus concluded it as a literary form which refers to a noble character, great apprehension, and a sad ending. Dante on the other hand concluded that tragedy is a serious subject taken in sublime manner and having a dreadful ending. The purpose of tragedy as a poem is mostly intended for   a reading audience was further substantiated by the discovery of Seneca’s plays in the early fourteenth century first printed on 1474-84. Senecan   give more importance on speech rather than action met with great favor in a culture that give high value to the art of verbal talks. The involvement of the audience in the dramatic action would be the largest extent significant success of the cultural forum of theatre. At this point, playwright would often say that events should be displayed with virtual reality. Their guiding principle was much debated concept of credibility to actual reality. The stage must present the fictional world in a realistic manner to easily suspend the instinctive of audience who are reluctant to be drawn into the theatre’s world of illusion out from their real world. Some authors called attention to the creative ventures through which they brought realistic shows on stage. Some others like Dolce, went so far as to encouraget spectators to imagine themselves as living, if not physically, at least in sprit, in stage’s world of fiction. In the prologue to is Giocasta, he tells the spectators: â€Å"Ora pesante di trovrvi in tebe.... E, se non sete in lei con la persona, Siatevi con la mentre e col pensiero.† [Picture yourselves in ancient Thebes.../And if you cannot be there in person, /you can at least be there with your imagination]43 The involvement of the spectators was not simple enough by just asking them of their attention. In order to get their full attention and participation speak to the audience abut themselves and their problems, then showcase what is current. Whether writing comedies or tragedies, playwrights persistently pursue the novelty on the genre and argue against the boring imitation of a long dead traditions. Francisco Grazzini, Angelo Beolco O Ruzzante, and Geraldiare among to   those who argue for the modernity of theatre, Dolce gave the most distinctive account of this principle of poetics. In his Medea, The spectators are informed   what the are about to see: Una Tragedia nova, Nova dico, per esser novamente Con Nuovi panni da colui vestita. [A new traged,/I say new, for it has been/ dressed with new clothes by him(the author)] Although issues were not resolve, an unusual notion of reality seems to have prevailed: respecting the historical and cultural identity of the characters. Another good attribute of the Italian Renaissance tragedy was the modern courtly ambiance in which numerous plays were cast. Often times it setting were castle and fortress, and the character knights and princes. In Rucelli’s Oreste, for example, the princes were seen dressed in his lavish costume, the stage where the setting was dominated   by structure resembled too the Renaissance tower. Some Renaissance tragedies also take on a dreadful and horrifying stories of brigands and pirates with which cinquecento audiences were quite familiar. Di Maria also explained the role of religion in Cinquecento and how ancient religions and Christian beliefs was connected by the playwrights. He also mention the ideological and dramaturgical development of the deus ex machina expedient. It is easy to find a references even if the tragedies is not exactly a Christian when you unfold the Christian setting. Tragic portrayer expresses Christian beliefs and continuously request for divine comfort and justice. Playwrights most of the time give pagan gods Christian attributes; mythological characters use a language that is often more Christian than pagan; the chorus and helpless victims tend to invoke a Christian deity. The deus ex machina expedient has to be seen not as a opposite but as a "mirror of the changing perceptions that Renaissance society had on religion and its godhead". In fact, in the first part of the century, the humanist ideals that humans could fixed their own affairs and were free to realize their physical and intellect ual capacities were shattered by events (such as the sack of Rome) that proved to be too overwhelming for any human being to control. The playwrights' recourse to the ex machina expedient reflects the growing awareness of human limitations and the need to rely on a superior power. In the second half of the Cinquecento, together with the coming of the Counter-Reformation, people were moving forward to the Christian ways, which results to a stricter observance of religion. Di Maria also tackle the nature of kingship and the debate on Machiavellism beginning with the question whether rulers should follow to Machiavellian precepts or to humanist values. Most Renaissance playwrights built their tragedies around the Sophoclean conflict that pits the interests of the state against the rights of the individual. The Cinquecento tragedy usually convey the defend in the action of the king (on the grounds of ancient traditions and Machiavellian theory) against the advice of his counselor, often of humanist ideals. Giraldi's Orbecche best exemplifies the debate as King Sulmone, the bloodiest and most tyrannical ruler in all of cinquecento tragedies, argues with his counselor Malecche, who exhibits a clear aversion to tyrannical rule. The King was given advised by Malecche to forgive his own son-in-law Oronte because a righteous king should all forgiving like God. His advice points to a view of kingship based on Christian morality. Sulmone is hesitant to forgive b ecause he was afraid it will make as this would give him the character as a compassionate, weak, and vulnerable ruler. This view recalls Machiavelli's advice against appearing cowardly and vulnerable, the point of view in those time that king should rule with fears not by love were established. According to Botero, in beief that power are from God the foundation of kingship should be the religion. Kings, in addition to being pious and observing God's law, should also establish a reputation of being strong and fearsome rulers through the occasional use of violence. Clearly the ideal of politics is beginning to change toward notion of divine justice. He also illustrated how stage was use as instrument to talk about the of a women Though each generation’s culture had their significant influence in their present and future societal state, the Renaissance appears to be one of the most influential period in history. It has affected the works, thoughts and reactions of the society up now and mostly likely continue to influence the future generations’ creations. Bibliography: Cole, Bruce. â€Å"Italian art, 1250-1550: the relation of Renaissance art to life and society†. Harper   Row Publishers Inc.1987 Di Maria, Salvatore.( 2002). â€Å"The Italian tragedy in the Renaissance: cultural realities and theatrical innovations.† illustrated. Bucknell University Press, Print. Killenger, Charles.( 2005) Culture and Customs. 5th. Westport: Greenwood Press, Print

Hispanics, African-Americans and other cultural Term Paper

Hispanics, African-Americans and other cultural - Term Paper Example This term paper aims at describing the under representation of Hispanics, African-Americans and other cultural in mass media. Mass broadcasting have participated and will persist to perform a crucial function in the manner Americans observe African-Americans. As an outcome of the overwhelming broadcasting focus on misconduct, drug use, group violence, and other shapes of defiant social conduct between African-Americans, the broadcasting have promoted a distorted and malicious public opinion of African-Americans (Mastro and Greenberg 112). The description of African-Americans is a long period struggle in opposition to oppression and favoritism. The mass media have participated in perpetuating the consequences of this historical persecution and in influencing to African-Americans' ongoing position as second-class inhabitants. As an outcome, America has experienced from a profound doubt as to description of African-Americans. Despite this ethnic division, something indisputably the whit es concerning African-Americans has produced doubts concerning the white man's worth system (Mastro and Greenberg 113). Exploring how ethnic minorities are represented on TV is beneficial for two main reasons (Mastro and Greenberg 114). ... It has been recorded that television has turn out to be the â€Å"nation’s main story-teller† (Mastro and Greenberg 116). This term paper imitates earlier masterpiece by Mastro and Greenberg who discovered the illustration and portrayal of Caucasian, Latino and African American or black individuals on television. Mastro and Greenberg discovered that, Latinos were not represented on television compared to the African Americans and the Caucasians (116). They comprised of 3% of TV characters. Their study was significant because they described that Latino TV characters were not as destructively categorized as African American television character. Initial studies by Mastro and Robinson suggested that media metaphors and messages operate as a reasoning filter to aid how individuals represent the world. Others researchers have claimed that media has the â€Å"ability to reach the very remote areas of the human consciousness. If media images influence stereotypes, then ethnic minorities were negatively categorized on media is difficult. They noted that these negative stereotypes shaped how audiences think about ethnic minorities. Mastro and Robinson argued that media uninterruptedly supports views opinions over a long period (117). Proposing a culture hypothesis, Mastro and Robinson posited that media images update public feelings about the communal world (117). Specifically, fostering theory projected that oppressive exposure to mass media, TV in particular, formed how audiences saw the actual world. What such audiences believe as appropriate character portrayals, morals and philosophies are progressively in line with individuals presented on screen. Similarly, Lauzen and Dozier argued that mass media images, collectively with existed experience,

Media studies key glossary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media studies key glossary - Assignment Example McLuhan elaborated that medium grows and being such, it is also an agent of change that includes everything we think of, create, think and conceive. There are several terms used which critically relates to the text which are senses, mind and change. Senses relate to the text as it is the agent that collects experience to be stored in the mind which in turn becomes the medium that will facilitate change. This is important in media studies because it clarifies the use of the term not as a vehicle but rather as the dynamics and the agent of change. Medium is the message (McLuhan) - McLuhan earlier defined medium as the extension of our minds and senses. Being an extension of our minds and senses, it could change anything we can think of, create or conceive. Message on the other hand is the pattern or scale of the change that an idea introduces in human affairs (McLuhan 1964, 8). The message is not the content but rather the dynamics that change brings with it. Thus, the â€Å"medium is the message† meant that we could know the dynamics of anything (medium) that we conceive due to the changes that they effect (message) and should not be confused with the content of the message ((McLuhan 1964, 9). These terms are important to the study of media because it again put the usage of the word â€Å"medium is the message† in proper perspective. Message does not necessarily mean the content but rather the extent of the change that the medium or the dynamics of change can facilitate. Print-capitalism (Anderson) – refers to the use of the printing press that facilitated discourse of which eventually emerges a common language that facilitated common understanding. Capitalists printed their works in the vernacular (Anderson 1991, 39) to have an optimum circulation that cause people to understand each other and brought common discourse. This common language wrought by the discourse of print capitalism brought about the idea and notion of

Saving the Pacific Salmon Essay Example for Free

Saving the Pacific Salmon Essay Salmon are one of the most important fish species in the world, and in the Pacific Northwest the fish are a way of life for many species of plants and animals, including humans. The major problem that humans are facing is that the population of wild salmon is dangerously low as compared to historic numbers due to over-fishing and human degradation (including dams, chemical pollution and land use impacts. ). Pacific Salmon are now extinct in forty percent of the rivers they once thrived in (Four Fish). Zoologist George Suckley stated in 1854, that the Pacific coast salmon were â€Å"one of the striking wonders of the region these fish. astonish by number, and confuse with variety. †(In a Sea of Trouble) and that â€Å"The quantities for salmon which frequent these waters is beyond calculation, and seems to be so great as to challenge human ingenuity to effect it in any way. † (In a Sea of Trouble). In order to get a better grasp on the problems humans are causing we need to first understand the salmons life cycle. In the Pacific Northwest there are five different species of salmon: Chinook, Pink, Dog, Coho, and Silver. All of which are anadromous basically meaning that they live in both fresh and salt water. These fish start life hatching many miles upstream on the gravel beds in rivers on the pacific coasts of North America, and Asia, were they grow into smolts as they are carried downstream to the sea. Once at sea the salmon spend one to seven years maturing. Then for reasons unknown to scientists, a homing impulse triggers them to make an astonishing journey back to the very river or tributary they were hatched in (Salmon). At least that is how it is supposed to work. When Lewis and Clark made their famous expedition nearly two centuries ago they marveled at the â€Å"great quants. of Salmon† they had seen in the Columbia River in Washington State, which in 1860 produced sixteen million salmon annually. Today the figure has dropped to less than one million respectively (Where the Salmon Rule). In 1990 not one sock-eye salmon out of a population of thousands made its way back to its spawning area in Redfish Lake, Idaho (In a Sea of Trouble). The brutal decline is emblematic of the problem. Biologists Willa Nehlen, Jack Williams, and James Litchatowich reported that of the hundreds of distinct native populations that were once common to the Pacific Coast are disappearing. Of the original stocks 106 are extinct, 102 definitely face extinction, fifty-eight are at moderate risk, and fifty-four are a matter of concern. All in all the report said that 214 natural spawning routes are in very serious trouble (Fish-eries Mar. /April issue). What possibly could be the reason for the sharp decline of this life giving species of fish? HUMANS. Let’s start with dams. The first half of the twentieth century, in order to harness the power of the rivers in the Pacific Northwest for producing electricity, and producing water for irrigation in the semi-arid valleys, countless dams were built. The engineers that built these structures had the salmon in mind during the design phase. They constructed fish ladders and artificial falls designed to allow the upstream passage for the salmon past all the concrete now blocking the rivers vital to the species. On the Columbia River alone eight major dams were built, while a spattering of additional smaller dams were plugging up the tributaries. There was something that the engineers did not account for and that is for each existing dam five to fourteen percent of adult salmon moving upstream cannot find the fish ladders, or if they do end up getting lost in the vast reservoirs created between dams. And worse yet the engineers designed the ladders and artificial falls for fish moving upstream, not the smolts making their way downstream to the Pacific Ocean. It is estimated that we lose ninety percent of the smolts that count on the flow of the river to carry them to the Ocean. Instead the juvenile fish get caught and mutilated in the screens or die due to predation in the reservoirs (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife). Another huge problem to the choked rivers is land degradation. Every year the U. S. Forest Service sanctions timber and grazing practices on the national forest lands in the regions that are ecologically prudent to native salmon populations. The clear cutting, roadways, and destruction harm the salmon that make it through the dams indefinitely. Salmon need cool clean water to survive the journey to their spawning grounds, and the logging industry cuts all the trees down, which in turn lets more radiation from the sun hit the water and heat it up. The trees being cut down speeds up the erosion of the soil, which pours into the streams making them very dirty which suffocates the eggs and alevins. Road and rail construction causes land-slides that block rivers (The Plundered Seas). A study conducted by the Forest Service looked at several hundreds of miles of streams in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho counting cool clean pools that are critical to wild salmon. They found that fifty to seventy-five percent of the pools were gone in the most heavily logged areas. Those areas that were spared still remained stable or even gained pools over the last fifty years. One of if not the largest problem is that of overfishing. Humans with their large boats and drift nets sometimes spanning thirty miles in length, gill nets and fish wheels can catch salmon by the millions. Alaska alone harvests 200 million fish annually to keep up with the demand. The United States, which is limited by strict total allowable catch quotas (TAC’S) that monitor and limit the overall weight of fish which fishermen may land, based on advice by scientists, and is enforced by the U. S. Fish and game Service. Although sometimes the TAC is wrong, and the U. S. takes to many fish we are not the main problem here. It is the other countries that illegally set their nets in our waters to poach salmon by the millions. Specifically the Taiwanese fishing fleets whose thousands of miles of netting plucked at least by estimate of the NMFS eight million illegal salmon last year (NMFS). Also the NMFS estimates that at least twenty million West Coast salmon are caught illegally every year. As it stands now according to 1996 study Factors Contributing to the Decline of Chinook Salmon estimates that in recent years harvest impacts on Puget Sound Chinook salmon stocks have been quite high on average sixty-eight to eighty-three percent of the wild stock has been taken by fishing. And that is a problem when you consider the other factors that man has created that impede or harm native stocks. Pollution from pulp mills, industry and agriculture has also had a devastating effect salmon. Aluminum pollution has had a particularly horrible effect on the gills of the salmon. The aluminum mutates the thin mucous membrane from which the fish takes its oxygen and keeping out potentially damaging microbes into a crusty damaged organ that inhibits the fish’s ability to transition from fresh to salt water (Nature’s Crusaders). Also it has been found that mixtures of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides that are commonly detected in freshwater streams and reservoirs that support endangered species of salmon. What happens is the pesticides can inhibit the activity of acetyl cholinesterase which is a hormone secreted to aid in neural function (The Synergistic Toxicity of Pesticide Mixtures). Several of these chemicals when mixed together in relatively low doses have proven to be fatal for the salmon, whereas individually the chemicals in the same doses are non-lethal. In the late nineteenth century man noticed that there were less salmon in the waters of the Pacific Northwest and something had to be done to supplement the commercial fishermen’s catch. Thus came the idea of hatcheries. Hatcheries work like this: Salmon that are returning to spawn in their home rivers are captured. These captured fish contain both males and females. The eggs are taken from the females, and the sperm is taken from the males and mixed together to form fertilized eggs. The eggs are then incubated, where the hatched fish are placed in holding tanks to grow and develop. When adequate growth is reached the fish are released into the river where they make their way to the ocean, mature and return back to the hatchery or spawning grounds. This practice makes the survival rates increase because there are no predators in hatcheries and their environment stays constant plus food is abundant. So what is the problem with hatcheries you might ask? The answer is genetic diversity. The fish that come to the hatcheries (which are set up along rivers) get a lot of the same fish back every year. Currently, most of the fish in the hatcheries are fourth, fifth, and sixth generation stocks from the hatchery. These fish keep being bred with genetically similar fish, which weakens the population as a whole. On the Columbia River in 2006 8,157 oho salmon were caught for a study to determine how many were hatchery fish, and the results were shocking. Of those fish 6,234 were hatchery fish leaving only around 1900 as wild stock (The End of the Line). Without genetic diversity the salmons’ immune systems get weakened and they become more susceptible to diseases that normally wouldn’t affect them. Also a concern for hatcheri es is that they grow larger than their wild counterparts and evidence suggests that the larger hatchery fish kill wild stock due to predation (Northwest fisheries Science Center). Hatcheries are also known to have disease outbreaks that can be transmitted to wild stock. Now that I have shown that there is a problem let’s take a look at what lower numbers of salmon effect in their environment. When Salmon make their epic runs up the rivers of the Pacific Northwest not all survive. Bears numbering in the hundreds stand in the rivers plucking fish out of the water trying to put on pounds and pounds of fat to get them and their cubs through the long northern winters, and the salmon are the bears’ main source of calories (Planet Earth). When the salmon runs are abundant the bears only eat the skin, brain, and eggs of the fish because they are the parts with the highest calorie content. So along the shores of the rivers lie thousands maybe even hundreds of thousands of carcasses that are free for the taking by wolves, coyotes, fox, raptors, insects and any other opportunistic animals. These remains are vital to the overall health of many different species of land animals, not to mention plants as well. Even after the animal kingdom has had their way with the carcasses there is still rotting flesh and bone that gets left behind. A study of fifty different watersheds in the Great Bear Rainforest on British Columbia’s central coast says that the predation of salmon provides a â€Å"potent nutrient subsidy† that drives plant growth in the surrounding forest. Numbers nearing fifty percent of the salmon are getting carried to the forest, with the remaining fish that make it to the spawning grounds to reproduce and die ending up decomposing on the banks. The study observed everything from lichens to shrubs and found that nitrogen loving plants were thriving in these areas (The Vancouver Sun Mar. 25, 2011). The areas that did not have the salmon were not as robust. When the salmon decompose carbon and nitrogen get released into the soil. That coupled with animal scat makes for very rich fertilizer making the forest grow thick and lush (Hanley and Schnell 1998). When dealing with an issue of this scope one must take into consideration the many obstacles that will present themselves, such as how to regulate the many countries that have access to the Pacific Ocean. How will funding be provided for the operation? How to peacefully find an alternative for those who depend on salmon for their family’s livelihood. Continuing research for hatcheries and the money that will be needed and so on and so forth. My plan to preserve the pacific salmon is multi-tiered and complex, but if the people involved can be agreeable a sacred and valuable species can be saved. First the issue of regulating all the coastal countries for poachers must be addressed. I propose that these countries involved start a salmon fishing enforcement bureau that is a combined and comprehensive unit tasked to regulate, seek out, and enforce the laws and regulations with steep penalties decided by a committee comprised of representatives from each respective country. Secondly I propose that all commercial fishing be halted until the populations of salmon can recover. Once recovered then commercial fishing can be continued at a reasonable rate as advised by the bureau’s biologists. Doing this would outrage the fishermen who depend on salmon for their income, but there is a solution to this as well. The misplaced fishermen will have the option to be trained free of cost, (made possible by government funding) and assigned jobs at salmon farms and hatcheries, also the processing plants that butcher and package the salmon. While the fishing ban is in effect the nation will rely on fish farms to provide salmon for consumption by humans. Except those indigenous peoples (such as the Indian Tribes and Inuit) that will be given rights to a predetermined number of fish for their freezers to be consumed. To address the problem that the hatcheries and farms produce regarding disease and inbreeding the government will redirect money in the national budget to enlist the help of the foremost experts in the field to figure out ow to eliminate disease and genetically diversify the stocks coming from the farms and hatcheries. Next the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers will demolish dams at strategic locations to allow the salmon free passage up their streams and rivers. To supplement the cheap electricity that will be lost, wind and solar farms will be set up to get electric to customers that the dams supplied electric to. Also we will utilize available technology to modify the dams in a way that all migrating fish will know where to go, and receive safe passage through the structure. Logging companies will be mandated to not build roads or clear cut trees any closer than 1 mile from a salmon spawning river or tributary unless it is deemed necessary by the U. S. Division of Parks and Recreation. Enlisting the help of the EPA would be a priority. The EPA could ban the use of certain pesticides that contain aluminum in their chemical makeup, and test farmers land to regulate and arrest (if necessary) those in violation. In closing I would like to state that the future of the Pacific salmon is clouded by all of the problems I listed in the above paragraphs. And it was we who have created this problem, so it has to be we who fix it. Implementing the plan I have devised will be challenging, tough and expensive, but if the American people can be patient and understanding I know we can come together as a country and fix our mistake and save the salmon. We have to. Salmon are more than fish; they are one of the last great symbols of the west, and givers of life to so many people, plants, and animals. To lose them due to non-natural causes (like we did the bison) would be a travesty. The world would quite literally be a lot less beautiful without them, and I cannot imagine it. Can you?

hamburgers and ground beef :: essays research papers

Hamburgers and Ground Beef   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each individual in America has a goal he or she wants to accomplish. Whether it’s to purchase a new car or a huge home, it’s a goal wanted to be reached. However with the amount of fast food that Americans eat today, they will have a hard time accomplishing these goals because of the obesity or even disease they’ll have from the fast food. One major fast food that we like to eat while on the go is hamburgers. If it’s breakfast we grab a burger, if it’s lunch we grab a burger and even when it’s dinner we will grab a burger and might throw in some fires and a huge soda to go with it. Hamburgers are one of the leading causes of obesity and disease catching food.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Bio Analogics article it states that nearly two-thirds of residents of United States are overweight, and since 1991 the incidence of obesity has risen from 12 percent to more than 25 percent. This is due to the amount of junk food and burgers, we ate daily. To see if I am also one of these fast food consuming eaters, I composed a diary of what I eat daily and I discovered that within my weekly schedule, that’s between school and work- I eat hamburgers at least three times a week. I ate these burgers not just from one place, I ate them from four different places. The first one I ate was at In-and-Out. The second one was at Fuddruckers. The fourth day I had one in McDonalds and on the sixth day in which my friends and I went to Applebee’s after work and I still had the nerve to order a hamburger even when there were other items on the menu.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamburgers come from ground beef, which in reality if you consume a couple of hamburgers per month, it won’t harm you, but it states in ConsumerReports.org, â€Å"Americans show their affection for ground beef and burgers by consuming approximately 30 pounds of ground beef per person per year. Ground beef's saturated fat can contribute to heart disease, and the bacteria it sometimes harbors can sicken or kill someone who eats beef that is not cooked thoroughly.† With this information available to Americans daily, we still do consume the ground beef and even have the nerve to tell ourselves and our friends that we plan to cut back on it any day now.

Outline the Current Legislation and Organisational Requirements

Outline the current legislation and organisational requirements that governs(a) reporting, recording and confidentiality(b)health and safety(c)risk management(d)recording/reporting compliments and complaints(e) dealing with suspicions of disclosure of danger, harm and abuse. (ref. HSC22 q4. HSC21 q 4,5. Reporting, recording and confidentiality – The Data Protection Act 1998 relates to information held about an individual. This includes medical records or social services files – anything which is personal data (facts and opinions about an individual).All information, however it is stored, is subject to the rules laid down in the Act. Anyone processing personal data must comply with the eight principles of good practice. The Data must be: 1. Fairly and lawfully processed 2. Used for limited purposes 3. Not excessive but adequate and relevant 4. Not kept for longer than necessary 5. Accurate 6. Kept secure 7. processed taking into account the individuals rights 8. Not tran sferred to another country that cannot maintain the confidentiality of the information.Individuals are entitled to see information about themselves, but they cannot see any part of their record which relates to someone else. Individuals are entitled to be told if any personal information is held about them. Health and safety – The HSE (Health and Safety Executive) is the UK government body responsible for enforcing health and safety at work legislation. The HSE also plays a major role in producing advice on health and safety issues, and guidance on relevant legislation. The role of enforcement is split between HSE and local authorities depending on the business sector.In addition, HSE conducts research into the effectiveness of regulations and other health and safety issues, consults with employers and employees representatives, and advises legislators and government on health and safety. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 Often referred to as HASAW or HSW, this Act of Parlia ment is the main piece of UK health and safety legislation. It places a duty on all employers â€Å"to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work† of all their employees.Risk Management – This Risk Management Standard is the result of work by a team drawn from the major risk management organisations in the UK – The Institute of Risk Management (IRM),The Association of Insurance and Risk Managers (AIRMIC) and ALARM The National Forum for Risk Management in the Public Sector. In decision making, there's usually some degree of uncertainty, which inevitably leads to risk. By evaluating the risk involved with various options, you can determine whether the risk is manageable. Risk analysis helps you look at risks objectively.It uses a structured approach for assessing threats, and for evaluating the probability of events occurring – and what they might cost to manage. An organized and systematic decision-making process u sually leads to better decisions. Without a well-defined process, you risk making decisions that are based on insufficient information and analysis. Many variables affect the final impact of your decision. However, if you establish strong foundations for decision making, generate good alternatives, evaluate these alternatives rigorously, and then check your decision-making process, you will improve the quality of your decisions.Recording/reporting compliments and complaints – My aim is to listen to and act on the views and concerns of Individuals and to encourage discussion and action on issues raised before they develop into problems and formal complaints. My management welcome comments and suggestions from Individuals and their representatives, friends and relatives. Positive comments help to build on successes, but we can also learn from comments which are critical. It is best to look into all comments or complaints as quickly as possible and to provide a satisfactory resp onse.Dealing with suspicions of disclosure of danger, harm and abuse – Information about abuse I suspect, or situations I am working with which are ‘high risk’, must be recorded after being reported to my supervisor. My supervisor will be responsible for passing on the information, if necessary. Sometimes my information may need to be included in an individual’s plan of care or personal records, particularly if I have noticed a change in the way he or she is cared for, or if his/her behaviour could be an ‘early warning’ that the care team need to be especially observant.My workplace may have a special report form for recording causes for concern. If not, i should write my report, making sure I include the following: †¢What happened to make me concerned †¢Who I am concerned about †¢Whether this links to anything I have noticed previously †¢What needs to happen next I should discuss my report and my concerns with my superviso r and colleagues. I must report anything unusual that I notice, even if I think it is too small to be important. It is the small details which make the whole picture. Teamwork and good communication are vitally important.

Cold War: question and answers Essay

1) The â€Å"iron curtain† was a dividing line because it was dividing Eastern and Western Europe. Western Europe had more of a democratic form of government where as Eastern Europe was ruled by the Soviet Union. 2) The policy President Truman is suggesting in his speech to Congress is the Truman Doctrine. The Truman Doctrine is a policy that stated that the United States would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent them from falling into the Soviet Sphere. This policy gave $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey. 3) The Secretary of State Marshall suggested this plan(the Marshall Plan) for European recovery so if Europe would come into economic, social, and political damage it would also affect the United States very negatively also. The Secretary of State wanted to avoid those negative affects on the United States. He wanted to avoid the negative effect the European situation would have on the United States economy. 4) The purpose of NATO is to protect North American countries and ten Western European countries from attack by the USSR. The North Atlantic Treaty stated that any and all attacks made against any member of NATO would be considered an attack against them all. Its basic goal waste increase the stability and defense of its member countries. 5) The â€Å"satellites† help provide a buffer for the Soviet Union because they can track which invader is coming toward their border or see if any bombs are heading towards the Soviet Union. The â€Å"satellites† also act as a buffer but protecting the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union won’t care about these other countries that will get caught up in war and social and economic upheaval. 6) Khrushchev’s view of U.S. actions are that moves made by the United States such as the â€Å"anti-communism† movement was used to cover up statements of one power for world domination. The U.S. wanted to have a secure, dominant world power in the capitalist world. In document sic Khrushchev states that the fight for capitalism will lead to another world war. 7) The impact the â€Å"arms race† had on the world was countries racing for nuclear weapons/WMD which led to a â€Å"balance of terror.† A lot feared use of these weapons and saw this as a deterrent to war. 8)The basis for President Kennedy’s demand that the missiles be removed from Cuba was that it threatened the peace and security of the United States, Kennedy wanted to stop any chance the missiles could be used against America for any reason. He saw it as a threat to world peace. 9)Krushchev explains that the missiles were placed in Cuba for defensive reasons and to stop any aggression against Cuba. He now explains the missiles could now be removed because there is no chance that Cuba will be attacked by any country in the Western Hemisphere . Essay: How did the Cold War begin and what â€Å"weapons† were used to fight this war? The Cold War began at the end of World War II. The Cold War was the conflict between the Communist Nations led by the Soviet Union and the Democratic Nations led by the United States. The entire purpose behind the Cold War was to stop the spread of communism which the United States was against. Communism was thought to corrupt and cripple the entire world. They fought by propaganda, economic war, and constant military clashes. The Cold War started September 3rd 1945 and ended in 1989. When the â€Å"Iron Curtain† came down in Eastern Europe, as Winston Churchill stated in his speech on March 5th, 1946 as shown in document one, that was when the Cold War began. The Soviet Union made many countries into â€Å"Soviet satellites†. A satellite nation is a nation that is effectively dominated by another. The Soviet satellite nations were: Albania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Soviet Union, East Germany, and Czech. The Untied States wanted for all the European countries to have the freedom to pick their own governments. The war between the two nations escalated quickly when the Soviet Union successfully developed their  own atomic bomb. It became a â€Å" war of words†, the words was â€Å"weapons†. No active shooting was done and no actual weapons were used. It was basically Democratic nations against Communist Nations, a war of words on who had atomic bombs to use against other nations. As stated in document two President Truman believed it was the Untied States duty to support those who are resisting attempted domination. He believed if communism was forced on Turkey or Greece by the Soviet Union, it will have effects that are far reaching to the West. The policy President Truman is suggesting in his speech to Congress on March 12th, 1947 is the Truman Doctrine. The Truman Doctrine is a policy that stated that the United States would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent them from falling into the Soviet Sphere. This policy gave $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey. Secretary of State Marshall gave a speech on June 5th, 1947 explaining his plan for European recovery as expressed in document three. The plan he was suggesting was the Marshall Plan. The Secretary of State Marshall suggested this plan(the Marshall Plan) for European recovery so if Europe would come into economic, social, and political damage it would also affect the United States very negatively too. The Secretary of State wanted to avoid those negative effects on the United States. He wanted to avoid the negative effect the European situation would have on the United States economy. It’s presented in both documents two and three that President Truman and Secretary of State Marshall had the best interest of the United States and other nations against communism at heart with both their policies. As presented on document four NATO is the North Atlantic Treaty. It was signed by the United States, Canada, and ten other nations of Western Europe in 1948. The purpose of NATO was to protect North American countries and those ten Western European countries from attack by the USSR. The North Atlantic Treaty stated that any and all attacks made against any member of NATO would be considered an attack against them all. Its basic goal was to increase the stability and defense of its member countries. NATO was basically an intergovernmental military alliance against the Soviet  Union and what they stood for which was communism. NATO constitutes a system of collective defense whereby its members state to agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party(any communist nation). In conclusion, the Cold War began because fear of the spread of communism that the United States and West Europe had hated. This prevented chances of negotiations and friendly approach in diplomacy and foreign policy. Another reason on how the Cold War began was grouping of world nations in rival alliances such as NATO and the Warsaw Pact members. The Warsaw Pact members were German Democratic Republic, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and the Soviet Union as shown in document five. The piling up of atomic weapons and picking either the democratic side or the communist side generated suspicion in one another.

Demonstrated Interest - What It Is and Why It Matters

Demonstrated Interest - What It Is and Why It Matters Demonstrated Interest is one of those nebulous criteria in the college admissions process that can cause great confusion among applicants. Whereas SAT scores, ACT scores, GPA, and extracurricular involvement are measurable in concrete ways, interest can mean something very different to different institutions. Also, some students have a hard time drawing the line between demonstrating interest and harassing the admissions staff. Demonstrated Interest As the name suggests, demonstrated interest refers to the degree to which an applicant has made clear that he or she truly is eager to attend a college. Especially with the Common Application and free Cappex Application, its easy for students to apply to multiple schools with very little thought or effort. While this may be convenient for applicants, it presents a problem for colleges. How can a school know if an applicant is truly serious about attending? Thus, the need for demonstrated interest. There are many ways to demonstrate interest. When a student writes a supplemental essay that reveals a passion for a school and detailed knowledge of the schools opportunities, that student is likely to have an advantage over a student who writes a generic essay that could be describing any college. When a student visits a college, the expense and effort that goes into that visit reveal a degree of meaningful interest in the school. College interviews and college fairs are other forums in which an applicant can show interest in a school. Probably the strongest way an applicant can demonstrate interest is by applying through an early decision program. Early decision is binding, so a student who applies via early decision is committing to the school. Its a large reason why the early decision acceptance rates are often more than twice the acceptance rate of the regular applicant pool.   Colleges and Universities That Consider Demonstrated Interest   A study by the National Association for College Admission Counseling found that about half of all colleges and universities place either moderate or high importance on an applicants demonstrated interest in attending the school.   Many colleges will tell you that demonstrated interest is not a factor in the admissions equation. For example, Stanford University, Duke University, and Dartmouth College  explicitly state that they do  not take demonstrated interest into account when evaluating applications. Other schools such as Rhodes College, Baylor University, and Carnegie Mellon University explicitly state that they do consider an applicants interest during the admissions process. However, even when a school says it does not consider demonstrated interest, the admissions folks are usually just referring to specific types of demonstrated interest such as phone calls to the admissions office or visits to campus. Applying early to a selective university and writing supplemental essays that show you know the university well will certainly improve your chances of being admitted. So in this sense, demonstrated interest is important at nearly all selective colleges and universities.   How Colleges Value Demonstrated Interest Colleges have good reason for taking demonstrated interest into account as they make their admissions decisions. For obvious reasons, schools want to enroll students who are eager to attend. Such students are likely to have a positive attitude toward the college, and they are less likely to transfer to a different institution. As alumni, they might be more likely to make donations to the school. Also, colleges have a much easier time predicting their yield if they extend offers of admission to students who have high levels of interest. When the admissions staff can predict the yield fairly accurately, they are able to enroll in a class that is neither too big nor too small. They also have to rely far less on waitlists. These questions of yield, class size, and waitlists translate into significant logistical and financial issues for a college. Thus, it isnt surprising that many colleges and universities take a students demonstrated interest seriously. This also explains why schools like Stanford and Duke dont put much weight on demonstrated interest; the most elite colleges are almost guaranteed a high yield on their offers of admission, so they have less uncertainty in the admissions process.

Your Headline Analyzer Is Now Built Into CoSchedule

Your Headline Analyzer Is Now Built Into You already know the importance of writing awesome headlines: Youre competing with 56.6 million blog posts published every month (and thats just WordPress alone). Only two out of 10 people click through to read your blog posts- but you can increase that number with awesome headlines. Solid  headlines influence more clickthroughs from search engines, social media, and email. Thats why we built the headline analyzer to help you write better headlines than ever before. And now you can write your awesome  headlines even easier since the headline analyzer is built right into your   marketing calendar! Your #Headline Analyzer Is Now Built Into [New Feature]You read that right- the headline analyzer you use to write emotional headlines that will increase the clickthroughs to your blog posts is now a core part of your  editorial calendar right in . You can use the headline analyzer in to: Add emotional value beyond a keyword-only, generic headline to help you rank in search engines while connecting with real people. Focus on the types of headlines that are proven to generate more traffic: List posts, how-to, and question. Score and grade your headlines based on their emotional value to improve social shares and  clickthroughs. Find the best length for your headlines as you use them for search engines, email subject lines, and social shares. Gauge your sentiment to focus on extremely positive or negative emotions to improve your headlines performance. How To Use The Headline Analyzer In Your Marketing Calendar Writing multiple headlines for every  piece of content is a good creative practice to help you publish better headlines consistently. With the headline analyzer, youll start with your root keyword for your content, then build upon the idea. That practice is something Upworthy does for every blog post they publish. In fact, they write 25 headlines for every blog post! The problem  is that if you write 25 headlines, they disappear afterward- when in reality, seeing your headline history can help you continue to write better headlines. Oh, and  the alternative headlines you create can serve as inspiration for social messages. The headline analyzer helps you through this creative process so you can write multiple headlines and review your headline history at any time. Thats super helpful because now you can: Include  writing  headlines as part of your workflow and manage the entire process right in . Write headlines in the marketing tool where you manage everything else- even writing your blog posts with s custom editor or integrations like WordPress, Evernote, and Google Docs. Use  the time you spent on a headline brainstorm as inspiration for  the social messages you schedule through . Its exciting to  bring you one of your  most-requested features! Now go forth and prosper with an even better way to write awesome  headlines.

Ethics in Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics in Criminal Justice - Essay Example When a convict or a person charged and accused of committing a crime approaches a criminal justice personnel; this is the main quality that the latter needs to possess. Performing one's duty, which is that of administering justice or striving to obtain justice for an innocent convict in this case, is of prime importance. When the justice personnel is dutiful towards his professions and maintains the ethics and morals of criminal justice, he automatically begets qualities like honesty and loyalty, since he is committed to performing his Duty sincerely. Discretion comes by, in the process too, as he becomes well aware in the process of differentiating right from wrong, while catering to his Duty. Thus, being dutiful is the most important quality, as it brings along with it, a multi-quality persona! The topic for my research is Ethics governing Cyber Laws. The advent of the Internet has created a revolution worldwide and has made life easy for man. However, there are numerous problems and ethical issues cropping up globally, due to the undeniable access and percolation of the Internet into almost every sphere of our activity.

The Contract between Darcy and Wickers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Contract between Darcy and Wickers - Essay Example Darcy has a cause of action against Wickers in this case. As borne out by the facts, the two entered into a contract by which Wickers are to withhold any information he may have known about the life of Kitty while under his custody in consideration of the 50,000 pounds which Darcy will give to him. The object of the contract therefore is for the peace of mind of Darcy not to be molested by the adverse public image on him, Kitty may bring in the event the life of the latter is exposed to the public. This contract does not in any way violate the law, public policy or public moral. Rather, the contract forged by Darcy and Wickers is the law between them. When Wickers reneged in his obligation not to do a certain act, i.e., to withhold from the public his knowledge of the life of Kitty, he has already incurred liability therefore. Coming now to the possibility of Darcy’s claim relating to damages for mental distress, it is unequivocal that Darcy suffered mental distress by reason of the act of Wicker in disclosing to the media his knowledge of the life of Kitty under his custody. In the ordinary course of things, a politician with a fiancà ©e whose family affair is better off insulated from the public would be greatly affected, with respect to his political career, in the event such family issue is exposed to the public. This is especially true when such disclosure is malicious and unwarranted, coupled with the fact that there is an agreement to the contrary. Although the above cited case does not fall squarely on the present case, the principle enunciated is equally applicable. Wickers, in disclosing to the media an otherwise private information has committed what was termed in Campbell as misuse of private information. The cause of action of Darcy is bolstered by the contract Wickers have entered with him. True, one may argue that the person who should have suffered damages is Kitty and that the damage supposedly suffered by Darcy is remote. But that prop osition is only relevant when there is no pre-existing contract on the non-disclosure of such information. At the risk of being repetitious, the cause of action of Darcy is anchored on breach of contract by Wickers and as a result, the former incurred damages although, no pecuniary damages are involved.

Case Study summary Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Study summary - Term Paper Example The company had staff performance appraisal program and believed in giving satisfaction to both staff and customers. Company provided many benefits to its workers which ensured a smooth running of the organization. However, problems aroused among employees with an issue of diwali gift and also gradually other problems started appearing slowly. The issues were relating to break, granting of leave, hostile attitude of workers etc. Eventually, company offered a raise in salary which was denied by the workers. Also some indiscipline behavior from the workers made the situation worse. The workers formed a union in due course and there was an attempt of conciliation between the company and workers which resulted in failure. With the onset of disruptive conduct from workers, the company banned the entry of workers to the company premises. A clash between police and employees occurred and all this led to a decrease in the productivity of the company .Ultimately, with the involvement of minis ter of haryana the situation in company got back to normal .The unrest among workers brought about a big damage to the productivity and goodwill of the company. The company had a big shock due to its damaged goodwill and declined productivity and this left the CEO of the company skeptical about his future growth. The key factors that led to the breakdown of industrial relations at HMSI.

Process Capability Essay Example for Free

Process Capability Essay Process capability studies determine whether a process is unstable, investigate any sources of instability, determine their causes, and take action to resolve such sources of instability. After all sources of instability have been resolved in a process, the natural behavior of the process is called its process capability. Process capability compares the output of a process (called â€Å"Voice of the Process†) with the customer’s specification limits for the outputs (called â€Å"Voice of the Customer†). A process must be stable (have an established process capability) before it can be improved. Consequently, a process capability study must be successfully completed before a process improvement study can have any chance for success. Process improvement studies follow the Deming cycle of Plan, Do, Study, Act. First, managers construct a plan to decrease the difference between customer needs (Voice of the Customer) and process performance (Voice of the Process). Recall, that a plan is an intention to move from an existing method or flowchart to a revised method or flowchart by incorporating one or more change concepts. Second, they test the revised flowchart’s (Plan) viability using a planned experiment (Do). Third, they collect data and study the results of the planned experiment to determine if the plan (revised flowchart) will decrease the difference between customer needs and process performance (Study). Fourth, if the data collected about the revised flowchart show if the plan will achieve its objective(s). Finally, the revised flowchart is standardized through best practices and training (Act); and the managers responsible for the plan return to the Plan phase of the Deming cycle to find further revisions to the flowchart that will further reduce the difference between customer needs and process performance. If the data collected about the plan show that the plan will not achieve its objective(s), the managers responsible for the plan return to the Plan phase of the Deming cycle to find a different revision to the flowchart that will reduce the difference between customer needs and process performance. Hence, the Deming cycle follows a never-ending path of process and quality improvement. This chapter is divided into four sections: specifications, process capability studies, process improvement studies, and quality improvement stories. The quality improvement story is an effective format for quality management practitioners to present process capability and process improvement studies to management. 11.2 Specifications (Voice of the Customer) and Created Dimensions Specifications fall into two broad categories: performance specifications and technical specifications. 11.2.1 Performance Specifications Performance specifications address a customer’s needs or wants. An example of a performance specification can be seen in restaurants rated by the Red Michelin Guide. The customers of these restaurants set their performance specifications as â€Å"a perfect dining experience.† Perfection is measured in terms of the synergistic experience created by the interaction of food, service, ambience and price. The Red Michelin Guide rates restaurants on a one to three star scale. Only the best restaurants in the world receive Michelin stars. A restaurant receives one Michelin star for consistently serving very good food in a good setting, but it is not considered worthy of a special traveling effort. A restaurant receives two Michelin stars for consistently serving excellent food, including specialties and wines of choice in a great setting. The restaurant is worth a detour from one’s existing travel itinerary. A restaurant receives three Michelin stars for serving excellent food and great wine, with impeccable and elegant service and ambience. The restaurant is one of the best restaurants in the world and is worth a special trip. All starred restaurants have a high average level of quality with very little variation around the average. A three star Michelin chef is an artist; it is as if Picasso was painting for your pleasure. Three star Michelin restaurants provide performance specifications. They guarantee satisfaction at the point of delivery. Nothing short of perfection is acceptable. 11.2.2 Technical Specifications Technical specifications describe the desired values of quality characteristics at delivery. There are three types of technical specifications: individual unit specifications; acceptable quality level (AQL) specifications; and distribution specifications. Individual Unit Specifications. Individual unit specifications state a boundary (upper or lower specification limit), or boundaries (both upper and lower specification limits), that apply to individual units of a product or service. An individual unit of product or service is considered to conform to a specification if it is on or inside the boundary or boundaries; this is the goal post view of quality. Individual unit specifications are made up of two parts, which together form a third part. The first part of an individual unit specification is the nominal value. This is the desired value for process performance mandated by the customers needs. Ideally, if all quality characteristics were at nominal, products and services would perform as expected over their life cycle. The second part of an individual unit specification is a tolerance. A tolerance is an allowable departure from a nominal value established by design engineers that is deemed non-harmful to the functioning of the product or service over its life cycle. Tolerances are added and/or subtracted from nominal values. The third part of an individual unit specification is a specification limit, or the boundaries created by adding and/or subtracting tolerances from a nominal value. It is possible to have two-sided specification limits: USL = Nominal + Tolerance LSL = Nominal Tolerance where USL is the upper specification limit and LSL is the lower specification limit; or one-sided specification limits (i.e., either USL or LSL only). A nominal value and specification limits form the Voice of the Customer. An example of an individual unit specification and its three parts can be seen in the specification for the case hardness depth of a camshaft. A camshaft is considered to be conforming with respect to case hardness depth if each individual unit is between 7.0 mm  ± 3.5 mm (or LSL = 3.5 to USL = 10.5 mm). The nominal value in that specification is 7.0 mm; the two-sided tolerance is 3.5 mm; the lower specification limit is 3.5 mm (7.0 mm 3.5 mm); and the upper specification limit is 10.5 mm (7.0 mm + 3.5 mm). From our earlier discussion of the philosophy of continuous reduction of variation (i.e., the Taguchi Loss Function), we saw that the goal of modern management should not be 100 percent conformance to specifications (Zero Defects), but the never-ending reduction of process variation within specification limits so that all products/services are as close to nominal as possible, absent capital investment. Specified tolerances become increasingly irrelevant as process variation is reduced so that the processs output is well within specification limits. Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) Specifications. Acceptable quality level (AQL) specifications state a requirement that must be met by most individual units of product or service, but allow a certain proportion of the units to exceed the requirements. For example, cam shafts shall be acceptable if no more than 3 percent of the units exceed the specification limits of 3.5 and 10.5 mm. This type of specification limit is frequently referred to as an Acceptable Quality Level. AQL specifications are much like individual unit specifications, except they have a unique negative feature: they formally support the production of a certain percentage of defective product or service. Distribution Specifications. Distribution specifications define an acceptable distribution for each product or service quality characteristic. In an analytic study, a distribution is defined in terms of its mean, standard deviation, and shape. However, from the Empirical Rule discussed in Chapter 5, it is not necessary to make any assumptions about the shape of the distribution. That is, virtually all data from a stable process will fall between the mean plus or minus three standard deviations. As an example of a distribution specification, the case hardness depth of a camshaft shall be stable with an average depth of 7.0 mm and a standard deviation not to exceed 1.167 mm. In other words, individual units shall be distributed around the average with a dispersion not to exceed 3.50 mm on either side of the average since for a stable process, virtually all of the output will be within three standard deviations on either side of the mean [7.0 mm  ± 3(1.167 mm) = 7.0 mm  ± 3.50 mm = 3.50 to 10.50 mm]. The mean and standard deviation are simply directional goals for management when using distribution specifications. Management must use statistical methods to move the process average toward the nominal value of 7.0 mm and to decrease the process standard deviation as far below 1.167 mm as possible. Distribution requirements are stated in the language of the process and promote the never-ending improvement of a process. Distinguishing between Performance Specifications and Technical Specifications. Performance specifications are not commonly used in business; instead, technical specifications are used. Unfortunately, this can cause major problems because technical specifications may not produce the performance desired by a customer. As an example, consider a hospital that serves medium (versus rare or well-done) steak to patients who select steak for dinner [see Camp, 1986]. The performance desired is patient satisfaction within nutritional guidelines. But performance specifications are not used. Instead, a technical specification of five ounces of steak is substituted; it is assumed they are equivalent.

Suguru Ishizakis Improvisational Design: Continuous Responsive Digital

Suguru Ishizaki's Improvisational Design: Continuous Responsive Digital Communication Digital communication is interactive, dynamic and continuous. People working with digital communication (visual designers, human-computer interaction professionals, and software engineers) need a unique set of communicative methods that equal this dynamic flow of digital communication expressions. Ishizaki explores the development of a theoretical framework of an iterative process that meets this need and suggests how designers might use the framework. The concept Ishizaki terms improvisational design is illustrated with five brief case studies in this slim nine-chapter book. Ishizaki, a Senior Staff Engineer at QUALCOMM Incorporated, became interested in this topic over twenty years ago, developed his dissertation on the topic and presents it here in a sleek and easy to read volume. Drawing upon the concept of improvisation in music, theater, and dance, Ishizaki proposes that designers of the systems we use in everyday digital communication might follow the same patterns where multiple age...

Drowsy Chaperone

The Drowsy Chaperone The Drowsy Chaperone is an interesting show that was performed from October 31st to November 4th at Westminster College. The show is a parody of people in the 1920’s. The story revolves around a middle aged man in a chair who is a theatre fan who plays his favorite record for the audience to hear. The record is The Drowsy Chaperone and from start to finish the audience is in for a unique experience within this play. This play is comedic, upbeat and has a heartwarming story.The whole show mainly focuses on the relationship between the glamorous show girl Janet Van De Graaff and the handsome, poised Robert Martin; the main characters of the show in Westminster’s productions were played by Hannah Timm and Ian Davis. They did an extraordinary job in all of their appearances. Being involved in The Drowsy Chaperone was a special experience for me. This was the first show that I had speaking lines in, acted and performed in and was involved in helping with the construction and deconstruction of the set pieces. I have been involved in musicals and theatrical productions for six years now.Within those six years this year the year I was involved in The Drowsy Chaperone by far was my favorite production. This is due to the fact that I was highly involved in different aspects of the show. I greatly enjoyed being involved within the production of The Drowsy Chaperone as much as I was. I believe by being highly involved within the production of The Drowsy Chaperone, it has given me a better perspective to the work involved other than acting into developing a show. There is a ton of the work that goes into developing a play and I was always highly aware of this.However, now I am much more aware about the set design and it makes me appreciate the actual show much more because of it. At times I thought things were unnecessary when we were producing the set pieces for example the day when we would paint all of the trim multiple times in various colors. First we painted the molding in a bright yellow, then a light brown then dark brown also, an orange glaze may have been added if I remember correctly. I did not understand the point in painting the molding so many times. I vaguely remember thinking we should just have bought dark brown paint and just used that.I was thinking it would save us a lot more time and we could move onto a different more important project. Now, I understand that everything is important when producing a set this includes the smaller details. By repainting the molding numerous times it added depth to the wood. This helped add to the overall look to the set. Every minor detail is important even if it seems unnecessary at the time it reality it is important. Once the whole set was built and completely done I understood why so much time and effort was devoted to the set and how important the minor details were.I have been in numerous productions in the theatre since middle school. I always knew that tim e was devoted into producing a set; however, I did not have a deep appreciation for the set. My opinion has changed drastically since being involved in the production of The Drowsy Chaperone. By being involved with in the construction process and set design I now have a better understanding of what it entails. The set pieces tell their own story within the actual show. Everything that is designed and placed within a set has a purpose.There is a reason as to why it is placed and a reason to why it was designed in the first place. I learned numerous things while working on the set. Some of these things were; learning how to use the power tools, panting techniques, how to putty, building and helping construct certain objects. I had the pleasure of working on various projects I worked on the following things; constructing a door, painting the walls, painting the molding, helping construct the bed, working on the refrigerator, helping hang the mirror, helping hang the curtains, painting the statute pieces, helping with the windows.When the opening night of the show came I became nervous for the audience to see the sets and backdrops, this was the first time that this had ever happened to me. , The Drowsy Chaperone is a unique show that is revolved around the 1920’s. Westminster College did a production of the show this year. The performers within the show did a memorable job. I enjoyed being involved within this show because I was involved in other things besides acting. The time and dedication to put on the show and the effort of the performers, workers, and faculty is shown. The Drowsy Chaperone is truly a memorable experience.