Sociobiology Essays - Anthropology, Evolutionary Biology, Ethology

Sociobiology In this century, bot organic and social human sciences encounters a significant change in principle. In natural human sciences, organic anthropologists embraced a methodology which concentrated on the quality. They saw the human advancement as the procedure of hereditary adjustment to the earth. In the mean time, there were additionally social analogies to development. Social development additionally followed a procedure of adjustment. In the field of humanities, a very significant hypothesis is that of the sociobiologists. Sociobiologists center around adjustment and regenerative achievement as opposed to advance toward flawlessness. Edward O. Wilson was one of the most significant of them. He embraced a methodology that concentrated fair and square of the quality. He considered social to be as controlled, in standard, by specific qualities, and he considered development to be happening at this level since conceptive achievement added up to expanding the recurrence of certain qualities in people in the future. In any case, the request of sociobiologists on establishing probably some conduct in all inclusive human hereditary inclination runs in spite of social anthropologists' accentuation on the power of culture itself as the determinant of human public activity. A few unmistakable methodologies can be distinguished in contemporary sociobiology. The first is transformative brain science. Transformative brain research is concerned basically with the investigation of the psyche as a gadget shaped by common choice. The subsequent center is human conduct biology. It underscored populaces as opposed to societies, human populace science, just as developmental environment. The distinction from transformative brain research is that it centers around testing the theories that socially designed attributes really improve wellness instead of psyche. The third approach includes the quest for human universals. Individuals supporting this sort of approach focus on finding the qualities found in all human social orders. (McGee and Warms, 1996) However, this general advancement purpose of see is dismissed by different anthropologists, for example, Julian Steward. Steward built up an environmental methodology that concentrated on the adjustment of person societies to explicit ecological conditions instead of attempting to discover the general law of human advancement and adjustment. He committed a large portion of his vitality to the investigation of the ecological adjustment of explicit social orders. He didn't accept that societies followed a solitary general grouping of improvement. Rather, he suggested that societies could advance in any number of particular examples relying upon their natural conditions. He called his hypothesis multilinear development. He additionally recommended that societies in comparable conditions would will in general follow the equivalent formative groupings and define comparative reactions to their ecological difficulties. (McGee and Warms, 1996) In any case, the multilinear perspective was not proposed by different anthropologists for example, Leslie White. White presumes that unilineal developmental hypothesis was generally solid. He contended that transformative advancement from easy to complex, with expanding specialization of parts, was substantial bot for societies and for science. He likewise proposed a stupendous, all inclusive law of social advancement by methods for the control of vitality as the key factor in social development: culture propels as the measure of vitality tackled per capita per ear increments, or as the proficiency with which vitality is used increments. (McGee and Warms, 1996) All things considered, there were different anthropologists who proposed both a multiliear and a all inclusive law of development. For instance, George Peter Murdock was keen on the measurable testing of diverse speculations. His multifaceted correlations of social attributes from multiple points of view resembled Steward's hypothesis of multilinear advancement. Meanwhile, he additionally accepted that an all inclusive arrangement of standard represented the connection between family structure, family relationship, and marriage rehearses. In this sense, his endeavors to measurably illustrate all inclusive standards of family connection s took after White's push to plan a all inclusive hypothesis of social development. (McGee and Warms, 1996) Besides, William C. Boyd additionally proposes that there is no uncertainty that some rectilinearity can frequently be seen in advancement. By the by, rectilinear advancement is a long way from general. (Boyd, 1952) Another key issue concerning human advancement is the issue of race. The meaning of race, as per numerous anthropologists, is in light of the recurrence of specific qualities. William C. Boyd characterizes race as that A race isn't an individual, and it's anything but a solitary genotype, yet it is a gathering of people pretty much from the equivalent topographical territory (a populace), normally with various indistinguishable qualities, however in which numerous various sorts may happen. His definition or race is a hereditary one. (Boyd, 1952) Echoing Boyd, Dobzhansky likewise proposes that races emerge predominantly as a consequence of the requesting of the hereditary inconstancy by normal determination in congruity with the ecological conditions in various regions. He said that since human populace frequently, truth be told

Philosophy questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reasoning inquiries - Essay Example The other key duty of a CFO is to come out with such budget reports that precisely and in a straightforward manner consider the budgetary wellbeing of the firm (Korey 72). However, the drafting of the monetary reports happens to be the duty of the considerable number of officials, the CFO has the possible deciding effect on such budgetary reports. Along these lines, while drafting such budgetary reports, I will consistently make an effort not to be impacted by some other concern and be above board and expert in the release of my obligations. One genuine duty that I will be required to perform will be to sincerely and precisely detail the board, on the off chance that I feel that the CEO will in general vary with me in regards to any revealing convention, and one’s perspectives are lost and flawed. Most likely, the board and the speculators will admire me for realities, and not putting together my detailing with respect to realities will add up to being deceptive on my

How to Ask for a Recommendation Letter COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

How to Ask for a Recommendation Letter COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog As part of the SIPA application, applicants are required to submit at two letters of recommendation. When it comes to submitting these letters, applicants often ask what makes a “good” letter of recommendation. Who should I ask? How do I approach a potential recommender? Well no more fretting. SIPA Admissions is here to help you answer all those questions with a comprehensive guide to letters of recommendation. Who should I ask? The SIPA application is looking for students who show an ability to thrive in a policy grad school and into their future careers. A letter of recommendation is the perfect submission for a person to help create that narrative for an applicant. The letter of recommendation should be completed by someone who knows an applicant’s ability and potential in the work place and academically. That person can be anyone who’s worked with you in a professional manner including former professors, bosses, colleagues, or even people you supervised. We don’t suggest that recommenders be people who know you personally but not professionally. How should I ask a recommender? The ask can be the hardest part of the recommendation letter process. During the ask, you want to be able to provide your recommender with as much information needed to write a recommendation letter that shows why you would be a good fit for SIPA and your prospective career. So preparing for the information is just as important as actually asking. This can include information on the SIPA website on the type of student the school is looking for, information on the type of career you will be seeking after SIPA, and much more. It would also be helpful to provide your recommender with a resume when asking them to write a letter so can get the full breadth of who you are as a professional and see parts of your professionalism they may not get the chance to know in the aspect that they work with you. So you’ve gathered all the information and now it’s time to actually ask your recommender to write a letter for you. When you ask, you can email but it may be better to meet with them in person so you can explain why you are asking them specifically, why you are applying to SIPA, and what you’re hoping to gain from SIPA that can bring you to your future career. No matter the medium of your request, be sure to explain your interest in the program and provide them with copies of useful information. Reminding a recommender? If a recommender hasn’t sent in their letter yet and it’s close to the deadline, it is always fine to remind them to send it in. You can send them an email and remind them of the date your application is due. Be sure to explicitly remind them that they have a recommendation letter to send. Feel free to have a few back up options for recommenders if you’re cutting it close on the application deadline.

Styles and Strategies for Visual Learners

Every classroom contains students with varying styles of learning. While most people can use any of the three primary styles -- auditory, visual and kinesthetic -- to learn information, their dominant style reflects their preferred form of instruction and easiest means of assimilating new knowledge. Teachers with a basic understanding of the three main styles can adapt their lessons to give all students the best chance of success. Visual Learners The typical visual learner prefers to read information in a textbook or on a whiteboard rather than listen to a lecture. Visualization techniques help them remember things. They often enjoy doodling and drawing and can use this practice as a study tool. Visual learners tend to use sight words in their everyday terminology. For example, they might say, Lets take a look at this. They easily remember details including colors and spatial arrangements, and they excel at memory games that require visual recall. They often have a good sense of direction because they can visualize maps and directions in their mind. Key Learning Methods for Visual Learners Visual learners learn best when they can see the material being taught. They follow instructions better when they can see a demonstration first, rather than just be told how to do something. Visual learners typically prefer images, maps, graphs and other visual representations to other forms of instruction. They like to read. Ways to Adapt Lessons for Visual Learners Include diagrams, mind maps, word webs, visuals and other forms of graphic organizers to help visual learners get the most from your instruction. Accompany oral instructions with a written recap before requiring students to complete an assignment. Further, avoid lecturing without accompanying notes and/or visuals. Ways for Visual Learners to Adapt Instruction to Their Style Students inevitably encounter teachers whose styles of instruction differ from their own learning preference. Visual learners can take control of their learning experience with techniques that adapt varying teaching methods to their visual strengths. For example, students can use highlighters when they review their notes, organize information into outlines and use flashcards to study for tests. Visual learners may also find that if they include images, mind maps, lists and other visual techniques in their notes, they more easily remember key information.   Other Learning Styles: Auditory Learners Kinesthetic Learners

Personal Responsibility Essay - 897 Words

Personal Responsibility Essay Imagine going through your entire life without taking personal responsibility for absolutely anything. How would this method of operation affect your life? Day to day life would be chaotic, career advancement would be impossible, and concepts like intrapersonal relationships would quickly become overwhelming and unfeasible. The ability and drive to take personal responsibility in life is a central focal point in the areas of creating a successful life, defining goals and priorities, and creating a structure with which to effectively guide your life. When working toward a successful life, personal responsibility is a vital cornerstone. The concept of personal responsibility is more than just being†¦show more content†¦The setting and constant evaluation of these goals and priorities becomes the framework of a successful life and a vital gauge for one to evaluate their progress. Strategies as simple as writing your goals down can be useful in solidifying those goals, as outlined in Becoming a Master Student (Toft, 2011): â€Å"Writing down your goals exponentially increases your chances of meeting them. Writing exposes undefined terms, unrealistic time frames, and other symptoms of fuzzy thinking.† Having your goals in a ‘real’ format makes them harder to lose track or sight of. However, if one is not willing to truly take personal responsibility for the outcome of their progress, they will never make it very far in pursuit of their goals and any real personal growth becomes stunted. While some people believe that they are able to lead a successful life without taking any responsibility and just drift, this is a misconception. Achieving success comes through the crafting of an individual framework of goals and priorities that one will strive toward, measuring success through their progress toward these goals. This can take wildly different forms for each individual, as each person must use tactics that make sense to them. Personally, my own plan to engrain personal responsibility into my education involves constant evaluation of my progress via my calendar and prioritized lists and through tracking of my grades. The useShow MoreRelatedPersonal Responsibility Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesWelcome to WritePoint, the automated review system that recognizes errors most commonly made by university students in academic essays. The system embeds comments into your paper and suggests possible changes in grammar and style. Please evaluate each comment carefully to ensur e that the suggested change is appropriate for your paper, but remember that your instructors preferences for style and format prevail. You will also need to review your own citations and references since WritePoint capabilityRead MorePersonal Responsibility Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Responsibility Albertis McCray Gen Ed 200 10/28/2011 John Bachofer III Personal Responsibility Essay Personal Responsibility is taking accountability for all your thoughts, feelings and actions. Understanding personal responsibility is taught from elementary school all the way through college. As an adult going back to school, understanding personal responsibility is the key to successfully obtain your degree. Entrepreneur’s must be personally responsible or theyRead MorePersonal Responsibility Essay740 Words   |  3 PagesRunning head: PERSONAL RESPONSABILITY Personal Responsibility XXXXXXX Personal Responsibility Practicing personal responsibility in every aspect of our lives is the safest way to guarantee personal success. Personal responsibility is as simple as managing our life and making our own decisions without giving others the opportunity to dictate the outcome of our future. As the architects of our academic future, we must understand that only we can lay the foundation for our success. ItRead MoreDefining Personal Responsibility Essay1054 Words   |  5 PagesDefining Personal Responsibility and Obligations to Oneself Angelica McElhone University of Phoenix Abstract Personal responsibility is the choices and obligations we make in life. Everyone is responsible for their own actions no one else. We all must have good character, moral values and a healthy lifestyle in order to accept personal responsibility. Once we use our good character and moral values to help us know what is right and wrong, it is up to us to be responsible and make the rightRead More The Necessity of Personal Responsibility Essay1188 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal responsibility may be perceived in many ways, but it is imperative to understand the relevance of why it must begin with our self. First, one will never develop an attitude of responsibility if they always look for others to complete their task. It is a necessity that one has personal discipline or their efforts to be responsible will prove to be fruitless. Second, being responsible yields great rewards and acting responsible is a clear sign of maturity. A responsible individual looksRead MorePersonal Responsi bility and Accountability Essay684 Words   |  3 PagesPersonal Responsibility and Accountability Due to my recent troubles at work I have been counseled twice in the past several weeks. This has given me a lot of time to reflect at the way I have really presented myself in the Army thus far. I have not always been the best Soldier that I could have been during most of the time I that I have been in so far. Thinking about this does bother me, it means that I could be trying harder to get ahead and better myself as a Soldier and a person. LetsRead MoreGen200.Personal Responsibility Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesup, responsibility was something most young minds feared. The way parents spoke of responsibility, portraying so much struggle and frustration, it was evident most individuals dreaded growing up and acquiring more responsibility than simple chores around the house. That was then. When one experiences what comes with age, things become easier to accept. Through the years one can learn to distinguish the difference between selfishness and independence. The difference i s personal responsibility. DifferentiatingRead MorePersonal Responsibility And Obesity Essay1823 Words   |  8 Pages(1). It’s not fair to younger children who don’t understand yet, that if they continue to eat unhealthy foods all day every day, their metabolism will catch up to them sooner or later in life. It’s really parent’s fault, until they take the responsibility and lead their child’s life down a healthy one. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) teen obesity is defined according to the corresponding BMI (Body Mass Index) for age percentile. (Aged between 2-19 years). If BMIRead MoreEssay on Personal Responsibility and Attention to Detail1035 Words   |  5 PagesTaking personal responsibility and paying attention to detail are two very important character traits to have. It is important for civilians to demonstrate these traits but even more important for police officers and police recruits. Police officers and recruits should be held to a much higher standard than civilians because of the position they are in or will be in where they enforce the laws over civilians. They should be a role model for people to follow. A lack of personal responsibility can causeRead MoreEssay about Personal Responsibility and College Success 663 Words   |  3 Pagesthough main argumentations against personal responsibility include the fact that many â€Å"people are just naturally unable to take responsibility, there are too many arguments for personal responsibility that they just outweigh it.† (What Are The Main Arguments Against Personal Responsibility?, n.d.). Personal responsibility is a choice that you have to make. Taking personal responsibility for something gives you something to measure up to. â€Å"Personal responsibility is the key to college success,† (Houston

The Pioneers and Cars Essay - 949 Words

The Pioneers and Cars With the popularity of movies like The Fast and the Furious and its sequel Too Fast Too Furious, import car culture has now become mainstream. What had started out as a small subset of Southern California car culture has quickly become part of American culture. In the same way hot rodding of the 50s and muscle cars of the 60s was a cultural lifestyle of the youths of that era, the import scene is now the new car culture of our generation. Car culture runs deeply in California. Hot rodders and street racers daily cruise the streets, all started from Asian Americans love of import cars and racing. Since most Asian Americans in the late 70s and 80s drove Japanese imports, they could not compete†¦show more content†¦JoJo is one of the most consistent racers today. His times may not be the fastest but he is always expected to run well. Adam, who started AL Racing in his parents barn, is also consistent. He used to race the fastest street legal RX-7, was the first to race a tube chassis NSX, and now races a tube chassis, rear wheel drive Honda Civic SI for Honda of America. Ed, with the help of his brother Ron and Bergonholtz Racing, was the first front wheel drive to run the quarter mile in 10 seconds. Now he races a Mazda 6 for Mazda USA. The other side of the import car culture is show. All the import car shows that are put on today are modeled after Import Showoff, the original import car show that was started in 1995 and today is one of the most prestigious. It was started by Ken Miyoshi to showcase import cars that not only were fast but which were also artistic, much like the hot rod/custom car scene of domestics. Kens show has spawned the creation Hot Import Nights, Hot Import Daze, Import Revolution, Extreme Autofest, and all the other car shows happening nationwide. These show cars take a lot of time and energy to create. To win, your car must stand out from the hundreds of other cars in the hall. RJ De Vera knows how to stand out. RJ is a complex man. He has owned his own aftermarket parts mail order company, been a writer and photographer for Super Street magazine, starred in a television commercial, and was aShow MoreRelatedSuccess And Failure Of Technology Pioneers And Early Technology Market Leaders1316 Words   |  6 PagesFirst in, First to Fail? Success and Failure of Technology Pioneers and Early Technology Market Leaders To pioneer or follow is a fundamental consideration in a new venture entry strategy. If an opportunity exists ,is it best to ensure that you are first on market, or is performance sometimes enhanced through waiting and following? Bringing innovative products on market means ideology. 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International Foods Group Packaged Food - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInternational Foods Group for Packaged Food. Answer: Introduction International Foods Group is the leading manufacturer of packaged food in the industry. Growing rapidly, International Foods Group must start developing new marketing strategies. The company recently acquired Glow-Foods owned by Josh Novak (International Food Group, 2014). Josh Novak has been brought to the Information Technology team of IFG. The company owned by Josh Novak though was small in size but has powerful strategies which helped them to gain new consumers. The strategy used by Glow Foods was viral and interactive marketing which helped the team to target the youth population unlike the strategy of International Foods Group which lacked direction and targeted on women with children. Marketing the products of IFG to the under-thirty demographic group will help them to get brand recognition and awareness in the market. The success factor of Glow-Foods was social network marketing, mashups and multimedia marketing. Innovation required in IFG is in its marketing strategy and like Glow Foods, the company can use various strategies like interactive website, multimedia/mobile applications and social media networking. In the digital era the consumer awareness is increasing and they demand information, value and customization from their products and they demand it through multimedia platform. It is almost impossible to increase brand awareness without taking help of multimedia platforms and which wont increase foot traffic in the organization. Therefore in order to gain popularity and to get the marketing benefits just like Glow-Foods got the company needs to work on its innovation and experimentation skills. Obstacles The main obstacle in the path to gain customers at IFG is that the unidirectional website of IFG only makes contact with the tip of marketing technology that is generally available to all the organizations today. Platforms of marketing like social media marketing, mobile applications etc are helping companies to adapt to the situation and fit consumers needs (Kenny, 2017). These platforms assist organizations to create a partnership with suppliers, consumers and environment. Consumers help an organization to co-create product through feedback via social platforms, this feedback helps organizations to serve communities in a better way. At Glow-Foods, brand awareness campaigns were carried on by consumers via snapping their pictures drinking beverages in different locations, commenting on videos on YouTube and by participating in competitions (Orton, 1997). The consumers also added to the companys innovation by the concept of modernization and they also created interactive packaging design for companys products. This symbiotic relationship between the consumer and producers has never been stronger and has helped both the parties. International Foods Group needs to engage consumers on a platform that will be accessible and most relevant to them i.e. online marketing. the company can use social networking sites like Facebook which has over 500 million users and mobile applications to connect with consumers as no one is now interested in traditional marketing methods. The consumers use and engage with these platforms on daily basis and they use this as a medium to reach their desired products as well. When consumers are satisfied by an organization, they are likely to share their experiences and recommend others to use the products offered by the organization, this helps a company to create brand awareness (Minor Food, 2011). This viral phenomenon is called word-of-mouth. The technique is so powerful that it may either create or destroy the reputation of the brand. The problem at IFG is that it will never experience any of these situations as the company lacks experimentation. For example many organizations use hip-hop songs in advertisements and video campaigns to create brand recognition among youth and attract them towards their product. By targeting youth the company is able to increase the sales by word-of mouth phenomena. If a company lacks experimentation, it will never be able to enjoy such benefits. Innovation and experimentation are not the only factors that help to create brand awareness but a company needs to use different strategies as well to align companys ethics and take note of customers perceptions (DeCapua, 2011). Many organizations are flourishing their business by including customers in their plan, price and product development strategies. For example, Priceline.com allows their customers to set their own price for a product and even giant producers like Nike allow customers to create their own colour and design for shoes. Apart from this many companies have a check on Facebook and Twitter timelines of customers to get knowledge about their perceptions. Introducing innovation is no more a cumbersome task for companies as consumers now play a significant role in production and design of products (Vanderheijden, 1999). IFG can use these strategies to engage customers into the business and even create new product chain if required. This will not only help the company to establish a relationship with customers but would also increase the sales of the company. Experimenting is not an easy task especially on these platforms where news spreads like wildfire. These platforms though have brought success to many companies but many companies have desperately failed too (Lupien, 2010). The only approach that can be used is trial and error which can help an organization to know consumer perceptions and stay in the competition. In order to build symbiotic relationship with consumers, IFG is required to capitalize on social platforms and use technology to their advantage as it is expected to give more benefits than traditional marketing. Using Technology to Rescue The change in the technique of marketing via technology will also bring a change in traditional strategies used by International Foods Group. Organizations generally misunderstand the concept and benefits of marketing and think that it will bring benefits in monetary terms but these benefits may vary and in much different forms (Burdock group, 2016). The most essential benefit is knowing the consumer preferences which help the company to manipulate the competition easily. This contribution from customers helps to simplify business activities by their participation in product development and feedback. IFGs innovation team needs to work on the development of new tactics that will target the under-thirty demographic. Gaining customer confidence and their involvement will take time and after that time only will the customers would be able to help the companys innovation team (Heneghan, 2015). For ex Facebook with the help of their customers from different companies was able to translate their site into 70 different languages. Consumer insight at IFG can only be seen with different tactics which can create business value for IFG. This shift from consumer management to consumers managing their relationship with the organization will help IFG and help to realize the benefits of innovation and experimentation. Alongside this, recreating products and strategies by the means of social media will also increase the effectiveness in the operations of the company (JR, 2002). The management of IFG is worried that this experimentation may not show results but the company can concentrate their funding and strategies towards different communities and assess the results to find out which one will be the most beneficial. This method of marketing is very beneficial and is guaranteed to give results as the method includes detailed research. The last recommendation for IFG is to bring a change in their organizational model. At the moment to implement these changes, IFG will have to alter many process and procedures (Mutume, 2006). If the company follows the traditional method of marketing, this processes and procedures may be valuable but the company through these processes will fail to attract the below-thirty demographics. Therefore the process of management is also required to welcome the method of experimentation. In order to spread brand awareness, the company needs to let go of some control measures and let consumer decide what they want then only the organization will be able to tap strategies like word-of-mouth advertising, simplified business process, co-creation of products and social advertising (Melchior, 2015). The change in organizational structure brought by innovation and experimentation are expected to give International Foods Group many long terms benefits and the company must consider these tactics to not only gain organizational insight but to also gain consumers confidence. Conclusion Latest marketing trends and technology has changed the way an organization functions and their point of view to implement strategies. The International Food Group needs to work with the strategy of social media marketing, multimedia applications and mashups in order to stay in the competition. A symbiotic relationship between the consumer and the producer can only be created when the company use the help of web based technology to understand consumer preferences. Nowadays with increasing awareness, consumers demand customized products which can be easily accessed and they need to have a say in the market. IFG needs to adapt to this style of marketing and strategies by implementing innovation and experimentation. Company needs to engage with social networking technology in order to increase brand awareness and to know consumer perception. Furthermore then company needs to target the under-thirty demographic group which can only be done by using social media platforms to their rescue. The food industry is very competitive in nature which brings the need for organizations to be flexible and innovative with their business strategies. For IFG to create business value, innovation and experimentation is very essential as deprivation of this may leave the company in second place. Bibliography Burdock group, 2016. Burdock group. [Online] Available at: https://burdockgroup.com/international-regulations-on-dietary-supplements-challenges-and-opportunities/ [Accessed 14 May 2017]. DeCapua, J., 2011. Trade Barriers Impede Food Security. [Online] Available at: https://www.voanews.com/a/decapua-food-security-trade-16may11-121891134/158126.html [Accessed 14 May 2017]. Heneghan, C., 2015. How international trade agreements factor into the food industry. [Online] Available at: https://www.fooddive.com/news/how-international-trade-agreements-factor-into-the-food-industry/404420/ [Accessed 14 May 2017]. International Food Group, 2014. International Food Group. [Online] Available at: https://thefoodgroupinternational.com/about-us/ [Accessed 14 May 2017]. JR, L., 2002. The precautionary principle and other non-tariff barriers to free and fair international food trade. NCBI, 42(04), pp. 403-415. Kenny, M., 2017. International food trade: food quality and safety considerations. [Online] Available at: https://www.fao.org/docrep/W9474T/w9474t02.htm [Accessed 14 May 2017]. Lupien, J. R., 2010. The Precautionary Principle and Other Non-Tariff Barriers to Free and Fair International Food Trade. Critical Review in Food Science and Nutritions, 42(04), pp. 403-415. Melchior, A., 2015. Non-tariff barriers, food safety and international food trade (NTB). [Online] Available at: https://www.nupi.no/en/About-NUPI/Projects-centres-and-programmes/Non-tariff-barriers-food-safety-and-international-food-trade [Accessed 14 May 2017]. Minor Food, 2011. Minor Food. [Online] Available at: https://www.minorinternational.com/mbiz/food.php [Accessed 14 May 2017]. Mutume, G., 2006. New barriers hinder African trade. [Online] Available at: https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/january-2006/new-barriers-hinder-african-trade [Accessed 14 May 2017]. Orton, B., 1997. Poteneial Impact of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Barriers on Trade for the Americas October. s.l.:Bib. Orton IICA / CATIE. Vanderheijden, 1999. International Food Safety Handbook: Science, International Regulation, and Control. s.l.:CRC Press.